Yoğorian

Yoğorian is a Hsue Language spoken in Yoğor in Taratai.

Yoğorian

Language in Taratai

family: Hsue Languages type: mostly isolating order: SOV (more to be added)

phonology

Yoğorian word roots consist of one or two syllables fitting the following pattern:

(C₁) (G) V₁ (C₂) (V₂) (C₃)

in which:

• C₁ can be any consonant and is only optional at the beginning of a word. (In case of compounds, /ʔ/ is inserted.)
• G is a glide. However, not all consonants can be followed by glides.
• V₁ is any short or long vowel or diphthong.
• C₂ is a consonant from a heavily restricted set that can occur in this position.
• V₂ is a short vowel; either <a>, <ɩ>, or <o>.
• C₃ is either <r> or <n>. In the latter case, /n/ is the neutral pronunciation, but if another syllable follows this becomes the nasal at the same place of articulation as the following consonant.

consonants

	bilabial	dental	alveolar	retroflex	(alveolo-) palatal	velar	uvular	glotal
voiceless plosive			t		c <ty>	k	q	ʔ <ɂ>
aspirated voiceless plosive						kʰ <kh>	qʰ <qh>
voiced plosive	b		d		ɟ <dy>	g
breathy voiced plosive	bʱ <bh>		dʱ <dh>		ɟʱ <dhy>	gʱ <gh>
prenasalized voiced plos.	ᵐb <mb>		ⁿd <nd>		ᶮɟ <ndy>	ᵑg <ng>
nasal	m	n̪~n <n>			ɲ <ny>	ŋ <ŋ>
voiceless affricate			t͡s <c>	ʈ͡ʂ <ć>	t͡ɕ <cx>
voiceless fricative	ɸ <f>	θ <þ>	s	ʂ <ś>	ɕ <x>	ç/ʝ~x̟/ɣ̟ <xh>		h~ɦ <h>
voiced fricative			z	ʐ <ź>			ʀ <r>
approximant	β̞ <w>		ɹ~ɻ <r>		j <y>
lateral approximant			l		ʎ <ly>

notes and unlisted phonemes

• Palatals in grey cells occur as allophones of palatalized alveolars or alveolars with an /i̯/ glide.
• The phoneme /◌̃g̃̚ʔ/ or /ᵑg̚ʔ/, transliterated <ğ>, is not listed in the above table. <ğ> occurs between vowels. It slightly nasalizes its preceding vowel and is itself best described as a nasalized, unreleased voiced velar plosive followed by an (almost inaudible) glottal stop. The phoneme is somewhere in between /g/, /ŋ/, /ʔ/, and // (i.e. nothing at all), but contrasts with all of those.
• /ɥ/ is transliterated <yŭ>.
• The phoneme /ç͡s/ (an almost simultaneously pronounced /ç/ and /s/, which contrasts with both and with /ɕ/) is transliterated <xhs>.
• The approximants /ɹ/ and /l/ contrast with "breathy-voiced" counterparts (that are followed by a puff of air) /ɹ̤ʰ/ and /l̤ʰ/, transliterated as <rh> and <lh>.
• The pronunciation of rhotic phonemes depends on context. /ɻ/ is common in syllable coda and in syllable onsets followed by an /i̯/ glide. /ʀ/ occurs in syllable onsets followed by an /u̯/ glide. Otherwise it is /ɹ/. Furthermore /ɹ/ is a "neutral" pronunciation and is always acceptable.

glides

Yoğorian has four glides: <y>, <ŭ>, <yŭ> and <r>:

• <y> is /i̯/, /j/, or palatalization, but is always /j/ before <i>.
• <ŭ> is /u̯/, /β̞/, or labialization, but is always /β̞/ before <u>.
• <yŭ> is (usually) /ɥ/.
• <r> is (usually) /ɹ/.

<r> only occurs after voiced plosives, and after <z> and <xh>. The other glides can occur after most plosives, fricatives, and nasals, as well as after <r> and <l>.

vowels and diphthongs

Yoğorian has six vowels:

	front	mid	back
close	i	ɪ <ɩ>	uᵝ
mid	ɛ <e>		ɔᵝ <o>
open		ä~ɑ <a>

<a>, <i>, and <o> occur in long (as well as short) versions, transliterated as <aa>, <ii>, and <oo>. The other three are always short.

There are three diphthongs:

• <ai>, pronounced /ɑi̯/ or /ɑj/;
• <ao>, pronounced /ɑo̞̯/; and
• <ei>, pronounced /e̞i̯/ or, more commonly, as /eˑ/.

grammar

Main Article: Comparative Grammar of Middle and Modern Hsue

(t.b.a.)