List of Common Characters in Khusqaian Personal Names
- Main Article: Khusqaian Names
This is a list of common Chinese characters, their pronunciation, and their meaning in Khusqaian personal names. The last four columns in the table show in what kinds of names these characters appear: m = men's given names; f = women's given names; b = Buddhist monks' or nuns' given names; s = surnames. Note that surnames always consist of a single character (except in the case of monks and nuns), and that given names always consist of two characters. Vowel harmony and other phonotactical effects often changes the ending of the first part of (the pronunciation and writing of) the name and the vowels in the second part. (See below for a summary.)
傑 | aatär | outstanding, hero(ic) | m | |||
亶 | acuu | sincere, real, true, truth | m | f | b | |
佳 | aĭa | good, beautiful | f | |||
星 | aĭta | star | f | |||
大 | amma | big | m | s | ||
棡 | ammuu | large tree | m | s | ||
涛 | amŭe | big wave | m | s | ||
子 | anaq | child | f | |||
友 | anta | friend | m | |||
䎏 | aŋ | young birds flying | f | |||
庵 | aŋ | Buddhist monastery | b | s | ||
网 | aŋka | net | s | |||
曉 | aqcuq | dawn, daybreak | m | f | ||
明 | aqruu | bright, light, brilliant, clear | m | f | b | |
鷙 | aratti | bird of prey, hawk, vulture | m | s | ||
靖 | ärke | pacify, peaceful, calm | m | f | b | |
妮 | asĭit | maid, cute girl | f | |||
橋 | asĭu | bridge | b | s | ||
恬 | assu | quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful | m | f | b | |
晨 | aśta | daybreak, dawn | m | f | b | |
鷂 | aśtär | sparrow hawk | m | f | ||
朝 | aśxa | morning | m | f | ||
婧 | atexa | modest, supple | f | b | ||
娟 | atĭa | beautiful, graceful | f | |||
晴 | attari | clear weather | m | f | ||
翕 | aŭ | agree | f | |||
思 | axeŋ | think | m | f | b | |
淚 | caŋkiś | tear | f | |||
皎 | caqca | bright, white | m | f | ||
世 | cara | world, era | m | f | b | |
松 | catta | pine | m | s | ||
人 | caŭ | (hu)man, people | m | |||
鷹 | caxa | hawk, eagle, falcon | m | f | s | |
沼 | cempe | lake, pond, swamp | s | |||
辰 | ceŋ | early morning | m | f | b | |
臣 | ceŋ | minister, statesman | m | s | ||
靜 | cere | quiet | f | |||
熙 | ci | bright, splendid, glorious | m | f | ||
禪 | cĭaŋ | meditation, Zen/Chan | m | f | b | |
䲵 | cicciq | small bird | f | |||
喆 | cĭe | sage, wise | m | b | ||
城 | cĭeŋ | castle, city, town | s | |||
婷 | cĭikiŋ | pretty, attractive, graceful | f | |||
閻 | cimada | village gate | s | |||
鳦 | ciŭa | swallow | m | f | ||
艸 | cĭuka | grass | m | f | b | s |
聰 | coŋ | intelligent, clever, bright | m | f | ||
㑳 | cou | clever, pretty, cute, smart | f | |||
劼 | cucumu | discreet, prudent, cautious | m | f | ||
甜 | cudut | sweet | f | |||
淳 | cukaŋ | honest, simple, unsophisticated | m | f | ||
佃 | cukuda | farmer | s | |||
慈 | cukuś | kind, compassionate, benevolent, gentle | m | f | b | |
寧 | cumo | calm, peaceful, serene | m | f | b | |
卓 | cŭo | profound | m | b | ||
鶴 | cuppu | crane | m | f | ||
粒 | cupu | grain, small particle | f | b | ||
燕 | cuƥa | swallow | m | f | s | |
壺 | cuƥo | jar, pot, jug | f | b | s | |
蕾 | cuƥou | bud, unopened flower | f | b | ||
㞲 | cuu | cuu, plain between mountains | s | |||
勍 | cuxou | strong, violent | m | |||
鵝 | e | goose | m | f | s | |
美 | eritti | beautiful, pretty | f | |||
鷈 | etti | bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
梵 | faŋ | Buddhist, Sanskrit | m | f | b | |
鳳 | feŋ | phoenix (male) | m | |||
潭 | futana | deep pool | f | s | ||
鶹 | fuu | owl (kind of) | m | f | ||
蘭 | fuxu | orchid, elegant, graceful | f | |||
妍 | ĭaaŋ | beautiful, handsome, seductive | f | |||
義 | ii | righteousness | m | f | b | |
鶃 | ĭi | fabulous sea bird, hawk | m | f | s | |
漪 | ĭi | ripples on water | m | f | ||
岩 | iĭa | rock, cliff | m | s | ||
瀅 | ĭiŋ | clear, pure water | m | f | b | |
豪 | iitaŋ | brave, heroic | m | |||
雪 | imaxa | snow | m | f | ||
南 | inaŋ | south | s | |||
鳲 | ĭoƥu | turtledove, cuckoo | m | f | ||
嘉 | ĭou | excellent, joyful | m | f | ||
花 | ira | flower | f | |||
爐 | ireri | fireplace, stove, hearth | f | |||
希 | iriti | hope, rare, expect | m | f | ||
氿 | iśmi | mountain spring | m | f | s | |
嫣 | iśri | charming, fascinating | f | |||
昱 | ĭukura | bright light, sunlight, dazzling | m | f | ||
煜 | ĭuu | bright, brilliant | m | f | ||
舟 | ĭuuko | boat | s | |||
梟 | kaa | owl | m | f | b | s |
䴌 | kaasa | water-bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
孟 | kadi | first, great, eminent | m | b | ||
鶄 | kaĭsaq | water-bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
楓 | kaĭta | maple tree | m | f | s | |
闕 | kakere | watch tower, imperial city, palace | s | |||
山 | kama | mountain | m | s | ||
卿 | kamei | noble, high officer, minister | s | |||
釜 | kamfu | cauldron, kettle | s | |||
鷗 | kamoŋ | seagull, stern | m | f | s | |
芳 | kampaŋ | fragrant, virtuous, beautiful | f | |||
門 | kampo | gate, entrance, opening | b | s | ||
勰 | kanaŭ | peaceful, harmonious | m | f | b | |
雙 | kaƥƥi | couple, pair, both | m | b | s | |
家 | kär | house | m | f | s | |
守 | kärkat | defend, protect, guard | m | |||
林 | kasĭi | forest, grove | f | s | ||
賢 | kaśri | virtuous, good, able | m | f | ||
鷆 | kasu | bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
俐 | kaxiri | smooth, active, clever, sharp | m | f | ||
鶗 | kaxuŋ | hawk (kind of) | m | f | s | |
仁 | kebe | kindness | m | f | b | |
㛕 | kecii | clever, cute, lovable | f | |||
小 | kedi | small | f | b | s | |
昕 | kĭaxa | dawn | m | f | ||
君 | kiimri | prince | m | s | ||
丘 | kima | hill | s | |||
媚 | kipri | charming, attractive | f | |||
垠 | kiri | bank of river, boundary | s | |||
北 | kixei | north | s | |||
超 | kogu | jump over, surpass | m | f | ||
國 | koguŋ | country | s | |||
越 | koĭu | exceed | m | f | ||
秠 | kokro | millet | s | |||
好 | komou | good, excellent, beloved | f | |||
䳹 | kou | bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
緇 | krou | black silk, Buddhist | b | s | ||
軍 | kuŋ | army | s | |||
萌 | kuƥu | bud, sprout | f | b | ||
藏 | kura | storehouse (also Buddhist) | m | f | b | s |
農 | kusaki | farmer, farming | s | |||
翰 | madoxa | writing brush, pen, pencil | m | f | s | |
源 | mageŋ | spring, source | m | f | s | |
信 | makkut | trust, belief | m | f | b | |
剛 | maŋka | hard, strong, rigid | m | |||
眞 | maqto | real, actual, true, genuine | m | f | b | |
抗 | mareĭa | resist, defy | m | f | b | s |
學 | maśra | learn(ing), knowledge | m | f | b | |
升 | maśru | arise | m | f | ||
青 | mataq | blue, green, young | m | f | ||
永 | matuqaś | long (time), forever | m | f | b | s |
強 | maxi | strong | m | s | ||
珍 | mece | precious, valuable, rare | m | f | b | |
恩 | megi | kindness, mercy, charity | m | f | b | |
惠 | megimi | favor, benefit | m | |||
屺 | meigima | hill (w. grass, no trees) | s | |||
心 | mera | heart, mind | m | f | b | |
雅 | miba | elegant, graceful, refined | f | |||
廸 | micri | enlighten, advance, progress | m | f | b | |
甦 | migaĭ | revive | m | f | b | |
麥 | migi | wheat, barley, etc. | s | |||
蘼 | mii | millet | s | |||
嫻 | miĭa | elegant, refined, skillful | f | |||
婕 | mime | handsome | f | |||
黽 | miŋ | toad | s | |||
鵩 | miśmi | owl (kind of) | m | f | ||
彧 | miśra | refined, cultured, polished | m | f | ||
曄 | miśri | bright | m | f | ||
岑 | mixe | steep, peak | m | s | ||
原 | modo | source, origin, beginning | m | f | b | |
樅 | mommu | fir | m | s | ||
盛 | mou | abundant, flourish | m | f | ||
睦 | mucuma | friendly, peaceful | m | f | ||
邨 | müraŭ | village | s | |||
能 | mütö | able | m | f | ||
龍 | mutro | dragon | m | f | b | s |
木 | muu | tree | m | s | ||
菜 | naaca | vegetable | f | s | ||
長 | nadu | long, excel, leader | m | |||
妖 | namaki | enchanting, strange, supernatural | f | |||
安 | namaxi | peaceful, quiet | m | f | b | |
艷 | naname | beautiful, sexy | f | |||
空 | naŋra | empty, air, sky | m | f | b | |
鳴 | naŋxi | bird’s cry | f | b | ||
霖 | naqqusaŋ | continued rain | f | |||
梨 | naśsi | pear | f | s | ||
楊 | naŭta | willow, poplar, aspen | m | f | s | |
想 | nemmeŋ | think | m | f | b | |
春 | nenne | spring, joyful, youthful, love, lust, life | f | |||
泉 | nii | spring | m | f | s | |
鳬 | niśki | duck | m | f | s | |
幸 | niśki | luck(y), favor | m | f | ||
宇 | nokko | house, building, universe | m | s | ||
妤 | noto | beautiful, handsome | f | |||
野 | noxa | field, plain | s | |||
鶵 | ŋaraŋ | chick, young bird | f | |||
幼 | ŋaŭra | young, immature | f | |||
光 | ŋece | light, shine | m | f | b | |
杲 | ŋei | bright sun, brilliant | m | f | ||
鶚 | ŋisaq | osprey, fishhawk | m | f | s | |
西 | ŋiśri | west | s | |||
麗 | ŋrei | beautiful, magnificent, elegant | f | |||
布 | ŋuƥu | cloth | s | |||
莊 | okoso | village, hamlet | s | |||
徐 | omomu | slow, gentle, dignified, calm | m | f | b | |
怡 | oroxo | harmony, pleasure, joy | m | f | ||
依 | oru | rely on, depend on | m | f | b | |
尹 | osatu | govern | m | |||
鸂 | össü | bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
鶒 | ośto | water-bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
德 | ośtu | virtue, morality, ethics | m | f | b | |
健 | otuxu | strong, robust, healthy | m | f | ||
良 | ou | good, virtuous | m | f | b | |
森 | oumu | forest | m | f | s | |
新 | pagär | new | m | f | ||
彬 | piŋ | refined, cultivated | m | f | ||
稚 | prii | young, immature | f | |||
法 | ƥa | law, rule, Buddhist teaching, dharma | m | f | b | |
翼 | ƥanit | wing, fin | m | f | ||
石 | ƥatu | stone, rock | m | s | ||
風 | ƥaxi | wind, air, manners | m | f | b | |
樺 | ƥei | birch, larch | f | s | ||
朋 | ƥeŋ | friend | m | f | s | |
白 | ƥere | white, pure | f | |||
佑 | ƥeresi | help, protect, bless | m | f | b | |
蘋 | ƥira | apple | f | s | ||
聿 | ƥite | writing brush | m | f | b | s |
葉 | ƥixraq | leaf, petal, harmonize, rhyme | f | b | ||
秋 | ƥoroŋ | autumn, fall | f | |||
文 | ƥümrü | literature, culture, writing | m | f | b | |
月 | ƥuraŋ | moon | f | |||
島 | ƥuxasa | island | s | |||
烏 | qaĭ | crow, raven | m | f | b | s |
鳥 | qaĭaŋ | bird | m | f | s | |
鵬 | qammaŋ | fabulous bird of enormous size | m | s | ||
獵 | qanuru | hunter | s | |||
鹽 | qasira | salt | f | b | s | |
蛙 | qere | frog | f | s | ||
鴈 | qĭaŋ | Khusqaikama | m | f | s | |
米 | qomou | rice | f | b | s | |
功 | qoŋ | achievement, merit | m | f | ||
鶼 | qori | fabulous mythical bird | m | f | ||
市 | qoto | market, city | s | |||
螞 | quŋku | grasshopper, locust | f | b | s | |
栗 | qürü | chestnut | s | |||
力 | qüś | power, capability | m | |||
雨 | qusaŋ | rain | f | |||
飛 | raƥa | fly | m | f | ||
理 | ri | reason, logic | m | b | ||
亮 | rĭan | bright, brilliant, radiant, light | m | f | ||
懿 | rii | virtuous, restrain | m | f | b | |
蝶 | ronto | butterfly | f | |||
榮 | roŋ | prosper, honor, flourish | m | f | ||
雁 | roxoś | wild goose | m | f | s | |
鸞 | rŭaŋ | fabulous bird | m | f | s | |
侖 | ruŋ | logical reasons, logical order | m | b | ||
閈 | saato | village | s | |||
禧 | saĭa | happiness, congratulations | m | f | ||
芃 | sakaŋ | luxurious growth | m | f | ||
鵾 | samo | crane-like bird | m | f | ||
王 | samou | king | m | s | ||
沢 | sapärka | marsh, swamp | s | |||
浦 | sapuśra | riverbank, shore | s | |||
火 | saƥu | fire | m | f | ||
櫻 | saqraa | cherry (tree, fruit, blossom) | m | f | s | |
道 | saraq | path, road, way | m | f | b | s |
倢 | särto | handsome | m | |||
鴂 | sasaq | tailor-bird | m | f | ||
哲 | saśtär | wise, sage | m | f | b | |
敏 | satoś | fast, quick, clever, smart | m | f | ||
薩 | satta | Bodhisattva | m | f | b | |
韶 | saŭ | beautiful, excellent, harmonious music | m | f | ||
鴆 | seŋ | bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
僧 | seŋ | Buddhist monk, priest | m | b | s | |
鉄 | sere | iron | m | |||
垚 | sĭaama | mound, embankment | s | |||
善 | sĭaŋ | good, virtuous | m | f | b | |
祥 | sĭaŋ | good luck | m | f | ||
虹 | sĭari | rainbow | f | |||
祉 | sĭi | happiness, good luck | m | f | ||
仕 | sĭi | official, serve government | s | |||
幽 | siimeŋ | quiet, secluded, dark | f | b | s | |
娜 | sĭina | elegant, graceful, delicate | f | |||
鹿 | sĭiqsa | deer | m | f | s | |
露 | siixe | dew, exposed | m | f | b | |
漁 | sikaŋ | fisherman | s | |||
東 | sikaś | east | s | |||
清 | siki | clear, pure, clean | m | f | b | |
吉 | siŋke | lucky | m | f | s | |
淑 | sĭu | good, pure, virtuous, charming | f | |||
澍 | sĭu | timely rain | f | |||
雋 | sĭukuŋ | smart, eminent, talented, superior | m | f | ||
樹 | sĭuu | tree | m | s | ||
屹 | souƥa | rise | m | f | ||
覓 | söürö | seek, search | m | f | b | |
喿 | sŭaqsi | chirping of birds | f | b | ||
雀 | sumu | sparrow | m | f | ||
杉 | suŋka | pine / fir species | m | s | ||
俊 | suqru | smart, eminent, handsome, talented | m | |||
鴽 | sura | quail-like bird | m | f | ||
鷫 | susu | teal, turquoise kingfisher | m | f | ||
陽 | suu | sun, light, male | m | b | ||
晟 | suucu | brightness (of sun), splendor, clear | m | f | ||
暉 | suukaq | sunshine, light, bright, radiant | m | f | ||
曦 | suuxu | sunlight, early dawn, daylight | m | f | ||
廟 | taama | temple, shrine | b | s | ||
鸇 | taaŋŋa | sparrow hawk | m | f | ||
正 | tadaś | right, proper | m | f | b | |
灣 | tagaa | bay | s | |||
寶 | tagara | treasure, jewel | m | f | b | |
溪 | tami | mountain stream, creak | m | f | s | |
琦 | tamma | gem | m | f | ||
湖 | tanaĭ | lake | s | |||
愉 | tanĭu | pleasant, please | f | |||
旦 | taŋ | dawn, morning | m | f | b | |
䬫 | taŋ | clarified butter, Buddhist symbol of (seeing) truth | m | f | b | |
愷 | taŋŋoŋ | joyful, kind | m | f | ||
屯 | taŋro | village | s | |||
胤 | taŋsi | heir | m | s | ||
毅 | taqsi | resolute, decisive, firm, persist | m | f | ||
平 | tära | flat, level | s | |||
丞 | tariri | assist, aid | m | f | b | s |
堡 | tärne | fort, fortress, village | s | |||
寺 | tärsi | temple | b | s | ||
藝 | tasa | art, talent, ability | m | f | s | |
亨 | tatma | smooth, no trouble | m | f | ||
塵 | taxreq | dust, dirt | m | f | b | |
智 | tebaĭ | wisdom, intelligence | m | f | b | |
隹 | tekket | bird | m | f | ||
海 | teneŋ | sea | m | f | b | s |
岸 | teŋki | bank, shore, beach | s | |||
保 | teteri | protect, defend, care | m | f | b | |
渧 | texi | drop | f | |||
池 | texike | pond | s | |||
晰 | ti | clear, evident | m | f | b | |
嬌 | tĭaa | seductive, loveable | f | |||
袈 | tĭaa | Buddhist monk’s robe | b | s | ||
巧 | tĭanaŋ | skillful, clever | m | f | ||
䎄 | tĭaŭ | long tail feather of bird | f | |||
詠 | tĭeia | sing, chant | f | b | ||
聲 | tigaŋ | voice, tone, music, noise | f | |||
慶 | tĭiŋ | congratulate, celebrate | m | f | ||
璟 | tiŋ | luster of gem | f | |||
純 | tĭuŋ | pure, clean, simple | m | f | b | |
遜 | tĭuŋ | humble, modest, yield | m | |||
港 | tocuu | port, harbor, bay | s | |||
鴟 | toga | horned owl | m | f | ||
研 | togo | polish, study, research | m | f | b | |
燈 | tomosĭo | lantern, lamp | b | s | ||
翌 | tomƥu | bright, daybreak | m | f | ||
誠 | tonto | sincere, honest, true, real | m | f | b | |
井 | tou | well | m | f | s | |
季 | toxu | season | f | |||
冬 | tŭe | winter | f | |||
書 | tuq | book, letter, writing | m | f | b | |
康 | turu | peaceful, quiet, happy | m | f | b | |
水 | turuŋ | water | m | f | ||
鶋 | tuu | sea-bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
旭 | tuu | rising sun, radiant | m | f | ||
夏 | tuŭa | summer | f | |||
然 | tuubu | pledge, promise | m | f | ||
瑜 | u | excellence, luster of gems | m | f | ||
才 | ŭacaĭ | talent, ability | m | f | ||
鵰 | ŭasu | eagle, vulture | m | s | ||
中 | ucu | central, middle, Buddhist | m | f | b | |
崴 | ŭei | high, lofty | m | f | ||
波 | ŭei | wave | m | f | s | |
彥 | ukou | elegant, refined | m | f | ||
梅 | umro | plum, prune (tree, fruit) | m | f | s | |
尉 | ŭosaŭ | officer (military) | s | |||
川 | ura | river | f | s | ||
熊 | uruka | bear | m | s | ||
諦 | ururu | examine, truth (buddhist), careful, attentive | m | f | b | |
鷽 | usou | oriental bullfinch, weaver bird | m | f | ||
豐 | utaga | abundant, lush, bountiful, plenty | m | f | ||
䲮 | uŭaŋ | bird (kind of) | m | f | ||
婉 | uxŭaŋ | graceful, tactful, amiable | f | |||
鳩 | xaata | pigeon, dove | m | f | ||
菡 | xaĭra | lotus blossom, lotus bud | m | f | b | |
蓮 | xas | lotus | f | b | ||
皐 | xasaŭa | high land along a river | s | |||
刹 | xaśra | Buddhist monastery, shrine | b | s | ||
䳒 | xattaq | sparrow hawk | m | f | s | |
羽 | xaxu | feather | f | s | ||
隺 | xe | a bird flying, high ambition | m | f | ||
赫 | xei | bright, radiant, glowing, awe-inspiring | m | |||
田 | xĭatta | field | s | |||
䨁 | xicĭe | young bird | f | |||
秀 | xiitär | ear of grain, flowering, luxuriant, refined, elegant, graceful | m | f | ||
熠 | xikra | bright and sparkling | m | f | ||
媛 | xime | beautiful woman | f | |||
暘 | xinou | rising sun, sunshine | m | f | ||
閆 | xiraku | village gate | s | |||
鴻 | xiśka | wild swan species | m | f | ||
慧 | xĭüü | bright, intelligent | m | f | b | |
凰 | xŭaŋ | phoenix (female) | f | |||
翽 | xŭi | noise of bird’s wings | m | f | ||
夢 | xümma | dream, visionary | m | f | b | |
斌 | xurŭa | refined | m | f | ||
鶢 | xuuŋ | bird which frequents the sea-shore | m | f | ||
琴 | xuuru | qin, koto | m | f | ||
䳴 | xuxu | flying young bird | f |
summary of applicable phonotactical rules
- Main Article: Phonology of Khusqaian#phonotactics
vowel harmony
If the first half of the name: | then the following vowel changes occur in the second half: |
has unrounded vowels i, e, y, or ë | ü→i; ö→e; u→y; o→ë |
has rounded vowels ü, ö, u, or o | i→ü; e→ö; y→u; ë→o |
has only neutral vowels a, aĭ, aŭ, or är | (no changes) |
other effects
If the last syllable of the first part of the name is m·, n·, ŋ·, p·, t·, k·, b·, d·, or g· (nasal or plosive), in which "·" stands for a vowel, and there is no ĭ or ŭ preceding that vowel, and no consonant following it, then if the first consonant of the second part of the name is p, t, or k, this changes into b, d, or g respectively : p→b, t→d, k→g.
If the first half of the name ends in: |
then this changes into: | before: |
ŋ | n | n, t, c, s, or r (alveolar) |
ŋ | m | m, p, ƥ, or f (bilabial) |
t or q | the following consonant | p, ƥ, t, c, k, or q (plosive or affricate) |
ĭ | (disappears) | ĭ |
ŭ | (disappears) | ŭ |